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Battle of Skuodas
The Battle of Skuodas or Schoden〔 was a medieval battle fought in ca. 1259 near Skuodas in present-day Lithuania during the Lithuanian Crusade. The Samogitian army of 3,000 invaded Courland and on their way back defeated the Livonian Order, killing 33 knights and many more low-rank soldiers.〔 In terms of knights killed, it was the eighth largest defeat of the Livonian Order in the 13th century.〔 This victory led to a Semigallian insurrection against the Livonian crusaders, which lasted from 1259 to 1272.
==Background==
In 1251, Mindaugas, pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania, concluded a peace treaty with the Livonian Order: he was to be baptized and crowned as King of Lithuania in return for portions of Samogitia, Nadruva, and Dainava.〔 Mindaugas was crowned on 6 July 1253 and the promised lands were transferred to the Order. The Order built the Memel Castle (Klaipėda) on the border with Samogitia to serve as the basis for further expansion. After Samogitians unsuccessfully attacked the new castle, their nobles formed a military coalition, elected Algminas (or Almenas) as their leader, and organized offensive raids to Courland.〔 After the Samogitians defeated the knights near Klaipėda and killed 12 knights in 1257, a Samogitian envoy in Riga requested a two-year truce.〔 The truce was supported by Riga merchants, who sought to increase wax and fur trade with the Samogitians.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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